Чтобы процветать в эти времена: возможности, негатив и пандемия
Журнал «KANT: Social Sciences & Humanities Series» №3(7) 2021 [стр. 4]
DOI: 10.24923/2305-8757.2021-7.1
Ключевые слова: Славой Жижек; Бюнг-Чул Хан; UBI; пандемия; подход к возможностям.
Пандемия обнажила многие недостатки наших капиталистических систем, как заявил Жижек в "Пандемии". COVID-19 сотрясает мир (2020). В этом эссе исследуется подход к возможностям, изложенный Амартией Сен и Мартой Нуссбаум, который может быть пересмотрен в свете этой новой вирусной реальности благодаря вкладу Славоя Жижека и Бьюнг-Чул Хана. Подход к возможностям в его нынешнем виде страдает от двух недостающих частей: признания необходимости негативности как основы позитивности в рамках возможностей, как это сформулировала Нуссбаум, и существования материального корня всех возможностей, а именно необходимости иметь способность быть способным. "Способность к скуке" и "нулевая способность" обсуждаются как решения, средства, с помощью которых можно заполнить эти пробелы. Наконец, универсальный базовый доход обсуждается как средство поддержки функционирования "нулевой способности", цель которого состоит в том, чтобы избежать погружения в голую жизнь в это время пандемического капитализма.
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Zizek, Slavoj. 2020. Pandemic!. New York: OR Books.
Asimov, Isaac. 1985. Robots and Empire. Garden City: Doubleday and Company, Inc.
Barria-Asenjo, Nicol A. and Slavoj Zizek. "Conversation with Slavoj Zizek: Pandemic! In Latin America," International Journal of Zizek Studies, 14(2): 1-13.
Fisher, Mark. 2009. Capitalist Realism: Is There No Alternative? Winchester: Zer0 Books.
Fukuyama, Francis. 2006. The End of History and the Last Man. New York: Free Press.
Galfarsoro, Imanol. 2020. "Obvious: Zizek is Zizek!," International Journal of Zizek Studies, 14(2): 1-5.
Goodman, Percival and Paul Goodman. 1947. Communitas: Means of Livelihood and Ways of Life. New York: Vintage Books.
Han, Byung-Chul. 2015. The Burnout Society. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Han, Byung-Chul. 2017. The Agony of Eros. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press.
Hirschman, Albert O. 1970. Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press
Klein, Naomi. 2007. "Disaster Capitalism: The New Economy of Catastrophe," Harper's Magazine, October: 47-58.
Marx, Karl and Friedrich Engels. 1978. "Manifesto of the Communist Party." In The Marx-Engels Reader, ed. Robert C. Tucker, 469-500. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
McCloskey, Deirdre. 2011. "Hobbes, Rawls, Nussbaum, Buchanan, and All Seven of the Virtues," Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines, 17(1): 1-28.
Melville, Herman. 2013. Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Wall-Street Story. Radford: SMK Books.
More, Thomas. 2016. Utopia. New York: Verso.
Nussbaum, Martha. 2000. Sex and Social Justice. New York: Oxford University Press.
Nussbaum, Martha. 2006. Frontier of Justice: Disability, Nationality, Species Membership. Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press.
Parijs, Philippe Van and Yannick Vanderborght. 2017. Basic Income: A Radical Proposal for a Free Society and a Sane Economy. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Rawls, John. 1971. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press.
Rawls, John. 1988. "The Priority of Right and Ideas of the Good," Philosophy and Public Affairs, 17(4): 251-276.
Sen, Amartya. 1979. "Equality of What?" The Tanner Lectures on Human Values. Retrieved from https://tannerlectures.utah.edu/_documents/a-to-z/s/sen80.pdf
Sen, Amartya. 1988. "Freedom of Choice: Concept and Content," European Economic Review, 32: 269-294.
Sen, Amartya. 2005. "Human Rights and Capabilities," Journal of Human Development, 6(2): 151-166.
Zizek, Slavoj. 1999. The Ticklish Subject: The Absent Center of Political Ontology. New York: Verso.
Zizek, Slavoj. 2006. The Parallax View. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press.
Zizek, Slavoj. 2012. Less Than Nothing: Hegel and the Shadow of Dialectical Materialism. New York: Verso.
Zizek, Slavoj. 2014. Absolute Recoil: Towards a New Foundation of Dialectical Materialism. New York: Verso.
Zizek, Slavoj. 2020. Pandemic!. New York: OR Books.
To thrive in these times: capabilities, negativity, and the pandemic
Keywords: Slavoj Zizek; Byung-Chul Han; UBI; Pandemic; Capabilities Approach.
The COVID-19 pandemic has laid bare many of the inadequacies of our capitalist systems, as Zizek extols in Pandemic! COVID-19 Shakes the World (2020). This essay explores how the capabilities approach, as outlined by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum, may be re-examined in the light of this new viral reality by the contributions of Slavoj Zizek and Byung-Chul Han. The capability approach, as it stands, suffers from two missing pieces: that of an acknowledgement of the necessity of negativity as a foil to positivity within the capabilities as articulated by Nussbaum, and the existence of the material root of all capabilities, namely the need to have the capacity to be capable. A "capability for boredom", and a "zeroth capability" are discussed as solutions, means by which to fill these gaps. Finally, an universal basic income is discussed as a means by which to support the functioning of a "zeroth capability", the goal being to avoid a descent into bare life during this time of pandemic capitalism.
Teather-Posadas E.R. To thrive in these times: capabilities, negativity, and the pandemic // International Journal of Zizek Stu-dies. 2021. Vol. 15. №1. http://zizekstudies.org/index.php/IJZS/article/view/1195
Teather-Posadas E.R. To thrive in these times: capabilities, negativity, and the pandemic // International Journal of Zizek Stu-dies. 2021. Vol. 15. №1. http://zizekstudies.org/index.php/IJZS/article/view/1195