Теоретико-методологические основы компаративного анализа систем здравоохранения в мире
Журнал «KANT» №4(41) 2021 [стр. 100-107]
DOI: 10.24923/2222-243X.2021-41.19
Ключевые слова: компаративный анализ; система здравоохранения; исследования системы здравоохранения; подходы к исследованию систем здравоохранения; особенности развития систем здравоохранения в странах и регионах.
В статье изучены и рассмотрены исследования иностранных специалистов в сфере экономики и организации здравоохранения, которые использовали в своих работах компаративный подход к анализу; особенности применения механизмов и моделей управления здравоохранением характерные для различных стран, опыт Великобритании, США, Швеции, Финляндии, Германии и Японии; систематизированы взгляды ученых на проблему применения сравнительных исследований в области здравоохранения; сделаны обобщения, которые характеризуют практически все существующие сегодня системы здравоохранения в мире. Показаны исследования, позволяющие выявить единые принципы организации систем здравоохранения в мире, но, вместе с этим, определить специфические региональные и национальные условия, которые становятся основой существующих региональных, субнациональных и национальных систем здравоохранения. В России при этом система здравоохранения включает в себя страховую составляющую и частную медицину. Развитие современной системы здравоохранения в России можно оценить, как не очень позитивное, поскольку при общем сокращении численности медицинского персонала и количества медицинских учреждений в 90-е годы в настоящий момент данная тенденция сохраняется, хотя и в более сглаженном виде. Общим местом в развитии системы здравоохранения остается рост платных медицинских услуг и ориентация отраслевых органов государственной власти в направлении развития рынка медицинского обслуживания населения с усилением роли частного сектора. Система здравоохранения претерпевает, с одной стороны, подъем, обусловленный ростом инвестиционных вложений, вызванных короновирусной инфекцией (для борьбы с ней строятся и перепрофилируются здания и целые комплексы), а, с другой стороны, особенно по "традиционным" заболеваниям сохраняется тенденция, намеченная в предыдущие годы.
Литература:
1. Bоhm K., Schmid A., Gоtze R., Landwehr C., Roth-gang (2013) Five types of OECD healthcare systems: empirical results of a deductive classification. Health Policy 113:258-269
2. Camillo A.C. (2016) The US healthcare system: complex and unequal. Global Social Welfare 3:151-160. doi:10.1007/s40609-016-0075-z
3. Canadian Institute for Health Information (2016) National health expenditure trends. Retrieved from: https:// www.cihi.ca/sites/default/files/document/nhex-trendsnarrative-report_2016_en.pdf
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7. International Health Conference (July 22, 1946) Constitution of the World Health Organization. Retrieved from: http://apps.who.int/gb/bd/PDF/bd47/EN/constitutionen.pdf?ua=1
8. Marmor T.R., Freeman R., Okma K.GH (eds) Comparative studies & the politics of modern medical care. Yale University Press, New Haven
9. Marchildon G.P. (2013) Canada: health system review. Health Systems in Transition 2013 15(1):1-179
10. Marmor T.R., Freeman R., Okma K.GH (2009) Comparative policy analysis and health care: an introduction. In:
11. Marmor T.R., Freeman R., Okma K.GH (eds) Comparative studies & the politics of modern medical care. Yale University Press, New Haven
12. OECD (2015) Health at a glance 2015: OECD indicators. OECD Publishing, Paris
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14. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (2017) County health rankings & roadmaps. Retrieved from: http://www. countyhealthrankings.org/
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16. Zelmer J (2015) Beyond pilots: scaling and spreading innovation in healthcare. Healthcare Policy 11:8-12. doi:10.12927/hcpol.2016.24452
1. Bоhm K., Schmid A., Gоtze R., Landwehr C., Roth-gang (2013) Five types of OECD healthcare systems: empirical results of a deductive classification. Health Policy 113:258-269
2. Camillo A.C. (2016) The US healthcare system: complex and unequal. Global Social Welfare 3:151-160. doi:10.1007/s40609-016-0075-z
3. Canadian Institute for Health Information (2016) National health expenditure trends. Retrieved from: https:// www.cihi.ca/sites/default/files/document/nhex-trendsnarrative-report_2016_en.pdf
4. Government of the United Kingdom (November 30, 2015) NHS Choices: what we do. Retrieved from http://www.nhs.uk/aboutNHSChoices/aboutnhs choices/Pages/ what-we-do.aspx
5. Grogan C.M. (2017) Diffusion of ACA policies across the American states. J Health Polit Policy Law. 42:205-209. doi:10.1215/03616878-3766691
6. Health Canada (2012) What is the population health approach? Retrieved from: http://www.phac-aspc.gc. ca/ph-sp/approach-approche/index-eng.php
7. International Health Conference (July 22, 1946) Constitution of the World Health Organization. Retrieved from: http://apps.who.int/gb/bd/PDF/bd47/EN/constitutionen.pdf?ua=1
8. Marmor T.R., Freeman R., Okma K.GH (eds) Comparative studies & the politics of modern medical care. Yale University Press, New Haven
9. Marchildon G.P. (2013) Canada: health system review. Health Systems in Transition 2013 15(1):1-179
10. Marmor T.R., Freeman R., Okma K.GH (2009) Comparative policy analysis and health care: an introduction. In:
11. Marmor T.R., Freeman R., Okma K.GH (eds) Comparative studies & the politics of modern medical care. Yale University Press, New Haven
12. OECD (2015) Health at a glance 2015: OECD indicators. OECD Publishing, Paris
13. OECD (2016) OECD health statistics [Data file]. Retrieved from: http://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx? DataSetCode=
14. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (2017) County health rankings & roadmaps. Retrieved from: http://www. countyhealthrankings.org/
15. World Health Organization Europe (June 27, 2008) The Tallinn charter: Health systems for health and wealth. Retrieved from http://www.euro.who.int/data/assets/pdf_file/0008/88613/E91438.pdf?ua=1
16. Zelmer J (2015) Beyond pilots: scaling and spreading innovation in healthcare. Healthcare Policy 11:8-12. doi:10.12927/hcpol.2016.24452
Theoretical and methodological foundations of comparative analysis of healthcare systems in the world
Keywords: comparative analysis; healthcare system; healthcare system research; approaches to the study of healthcare systems; features of the development of healthcare systems in countries and regions.
The article examines and examines the research of foreign specialists in the field of economics and healthcare organization, who used a comparative approach to analysis in their works. The article examines the features of the application of mechanisms and models of health management characteristic of different countries, studied the experience of the UK, USA, Sweden, Finland, Germany and Japan. The article systematizes the views of scientists on the problem of applying comparative research in the field of healthcare. The article defines generalizations that characterize almost all existing healthcare systems in the world today. Studies are shown that allow us to identify common principles of the organization of health systems in the world, but, at the same time, to identify specific regional and national conditions that become the basis of existing regional, subnational and national health systems. In Russia, at the same time, the healthcare system includes an insurance component and private medicine. The development of the modern healthcare system in Russia can be assessed as not very positive, since with a general reduction in the number of medical personnel and the number of medical institutions in the 90s, this trend is currently continuing, albeit in a more smoothed form. A common place in the development of the healthcare system remains the growth of paid medical services and the orientation of sectoral public authorities in the direction of the development of the health care market with the strengthening of the role of the private sector. The healthcare system is undergoing, on the one hand, an upswing due to the growth of investments caused by coronavirus infection (buildings and entire complexes are being built and repurposed to combat it), and, on the other hand, especially for "traditional" diseases, the trend outlined in previous years continues.