Влияние социально-демографических факторов на установки по отношению к изменению климата среди жителей европейских стран: межстрановой анализ
Журнал «KANT: Social Sciences & Humanities Series» №2(6) 2021 [стр. 30]
DOI: 10.24923/2305-8757.2021-6.3
Ключевые слова: характер влияния; "привычные" и "непривычные" социально-демографические характеристики; отношение к изменению климата.
Повышение интереса к теме изменения климата (ИК) со стороны широкой общественности можно продемонстрировать тем, что количество поисковых запросов в Google с тематикой "изменение климата" выросло за последние пять лет в два раза. Все это создает поле для исследования общественного мнения по поводу проблемы ИК. Однако на данный момент в отечественной литературе наблюдается пробел в исследовании этой темы, с точки зрения социальных наук; большая часть работ посвящена причинам и последствиям этого явления с позиций естественных наук и экономики. Исследование направлено на выявление различия в характере влияния между "привычными" социально-демографическими характеристиками и другими характеристиками жителей европейских стран на установки по отношению к изменению климата. Цель исследования: оценить способность "привычных" социально-демографических характеристик по сравнению с "непривычными" характеристиками объяснять установки по отношению к изменению климата и дифференцировать страны по характеру влияния этих характеристик. Научная значимость данной работы заключается в определении места "привычных" социально-демографических характеристик при изучении установок по отношению к изменению климата. С прикладной точки зрения характер влияния "привычных" социально-демографических характеристик важен при таргетинге на определенную группу лиц (чаще всего она определяется по таким характеристикам) в рамках экологических мероприятий.
Литература:
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18. Lange L. Neue Experimente Uber den Vorgang der einfachen Reaction auf Sinneseindrucke. – 1888.
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24. Reznikova K. V., Zamaraeva Y. S. Histo-riographycal Review of Scientific Researches on the Problem of People's Perception of Climate Change. – 2017.
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29. Thomas W. I., Znaniecki F. The Polish peasant in Europe and America: Monograph of an immigrant group. – University of Chicago Press, 1918. – Т. 2.
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1.Alfieri L. et al.Global warming increases the frequency of river floods in Europe // Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. – 2015. – Т. 19. – № 5. – С. 2247-2260.
2. Allport G. W. 1. Attitudes // terminology. – 1933. – С. 219.
3. Anable J., Lane B., Kelay T. An evidence base review of public attitudes to climate change and transport behaviour. – The Department, 2006.
4. AnAaker A. et al. Nurses' perceptions of climate and environmental issues: A qualitative study // Journal of advanced nursing. – 2015. – Т. 71. – № 8. – С. 1883-1891.
5. Arbuckle J. G. et al. Climate change beliefs, concerns, and attitudes toward adaptation and mitigation among farmers in the Midwestern United States //Climatic change. – 2013. – Т. 117. – № 4. – С. 943-950.
6. Ballew M. T. et al. Climate Change in the American Mind: Data, Tools, and Trends //Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development. – 2019. – Т. 61. – № 3. – С. 4-18.
7. Brulle R. J., Carmichael J., Jenkins J. C. Shifting public opinion on climate change: an empirical assessment of factors influencing concern over climate change in the US, 2002-2010 //Climatic change. – 2012. – Т. 114. – № 2. – С. 169-188.
8. Burgess J., Harrison C. M., Filius P. Environmental communication and the cultural politics of environmental citizenship //Environment and planning A. – 1998. – Т. 30. – № 8. – С. 1445-1460.
9. Change C. Climate change //Synthesis report. – 2001.
10. Clarke H. D. et al. The effect of economic priorities on the measurement of value change: New experimental evidence //American Political Science Review. – 1999. – Т. 93. – № 3. – С. 637-647.
11. Corner A., Whitmarsh L., Xenias D. Uncertainty, scepticism and attitudes towards climate change: biased assimilation and attitude polarisation //Climatic change. – 2012. – Т. 114. – № 3-4. – С. 463-478.
12. Fairbrother M., Sevа I. J., Kulin J. Political trust and the relationship between climate change beliefs and support for fossil fuel taxes: Evidence from a survey of 23 European countries // Global Environmental Change. – 2019. – Т. 59. – С. 102-103.
13. Goldenberg S. B. et al. The recent increase in Atlantic hurricane activity: Causes and implications // Science. – 2001. – Т. 293. – № 5529. – С. 474-479.
14. Halady I. R., Rao P. H. Does awareness to climate change lead to behavioral change? // International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management. – 2010. – Т. 2. – № 1. – С. 6-22.
15. Hornsey M. J. et al. Meta-analyses of the deter-minants and outcomes of belief in climate change // Nature climate change. – 2016. – Т. 6. – № 6. – С. 622-626.
16. Inglehart R., Welzel C. Changing mass priorities: The link between modernization and democracy //Perspectives on politics. – 2010. – Т. 8. – № 2. – С. 551-567.
17. Kellstedt P. M., Zahran S., Vedlitz A. Personal efficacy, the information environment, and attitudes toward global warming and climate change in the United States //Risk Analysis: An International Journal. – 2008. – Т. 28. – № 1. – С. 113-126.
18. Lange L. Neue Experimente Uber den Vorgang der einfachen Reaction auf Sinneseindrucke. – 1888.
19. Lee T. M. et al. Predictors of public climate change awareness and risk perception around the world //Nature climate change. – 2015. – Т. 5. – № 11. – С. 1014.
20.Luis S., Vauclair C. M., Lima M. L. Raising awareness of climate change causes? Cross-national evidence for the normalization of societal risk perception of climate change // Environmental Science & Policy. – 2018. – Т. 80. – С. 74-81.
21. Morrison M., Duncan R., Parton K. Religion does matter for climate change attitudes and behavior //PloS one. – 2015. – Т. 10. – № 8. – С. 134-868.
22. Newman T. P., Nisbet E. C., Nisbet M. C. Climate change, cultural cognition, and media effects: Worldviews drive news selectivity, biased processing, and polarized attitudes //Public Understanding of Science. – 2018. – Т. 27. – № 8. – С. 985-1002.
23. Poortinga W. et al. Climate change perceptions and their individual-level determinants: A cross-European analysis // Global environmental change. – 2019. – Т. 55. – С. 25-35.
24. Reznikova K. V., Zamaraeva Y. S. Histo-riographycal Review of Scientific Researches on the Problem of People's Perception of Climate Change. – 2017.
25. Ring M. J. et al. Causes of the global warming observed since the 19th century // Atmospheric and Climate Sciences. – 2012. – Т. 2. – № 04. – С. 401-415.
26. Schultz P. Environmental attitudes and behaviors across cultures // Online readings in psychology and culture. – 2002. – Т. 8. – №. 1. – С. 4.
27. Smith E. K., Mayer A. Anomalous Anglophones? Contours of free market ideology, political polarization, and climate change attitudes in English-speaking countries, Western European and post-Communist states // Climatic change. – 2019. – Т. 152. – № 1. – С. 17-34.
29. Thomas W. I., Znaniecki F. The Polish peasant in Europe and America: Monograph of an immigrant group. – University of Chicago Press, 1918. – Т. 2.
30. Tranter B., Booth K. Scepticism in a changing climate: A cross-national study // Global Environmental Change. – 2015. – Т. 33. – С. 154-164.
31. Whitmarsh L. Scepticism and uncertainty about climate change: Dimensions, determinants and change over time //Global environmental change. – 2011. – Т. 21. – № 2. – С. 690-700.
32. Жилина И. Ю. 2019.02. 009. И. Ю Жилина. Как избежать глобального потепления и его последствий. (Обзор) // Социальные и гуманитарные науки: Отечественная и зарубежная литература. Сер. 2, Экономика: Реферативный журнал. – 2019. – № 2.
33. Магун В. С., Руднев М. Г. Ценностная гетерогенность населения европейских стран: типология по показателям Р. Инглхарта // Вестник общественного мнения. Данные. Анализ. Дискуссии. – 2012. – № 3-4 (113).
34. Шихирев П.Н. Современная социальная психология США. – М. : Наука, 1979.
The influence of socio-demographic factors on attitudes towards climate change among the inhabitants of European countries: cross-country analysis
Keywords: the nature of the impact; "familiar" and "unusual" socio-demographic characteristics; attitude to climate change.
The increased interest in the topic of climate change (IC) on the part of the general public can be demonstrated by the fact that the number of search queries on Google with the topic "climate change" has doubled over the past five years. All this creates a field for the study of public opinion on the problem of IC. However, at the moment, there is a gap in the Russian literature in the study of this topic from the point of view of the social sciences; most of the works are devoted to the causes and consequences of this phenomenon from the standpoint of natural sciences and economics. The study aims to identify the differences in the nature of the impact between the "usual" socio-demographic characteristics and other characteristics of the inhabitants of European countries on attitudes towards climate change. The aim of the study is to assess the ability of "familiar" socio-demographic characteristics in comparison with "unusual" characteristics to explain attitudes towards climate change and to differentiate countries by the nature of the impact of these characteristics. The scientific significance of this work is to determine the place of "habitual" socio-demographic characteristics in the study of attitudes towards climate change. From an applied point of view, the nature of the influence of "familiar" socio-demographic characteristics is important when targeting a certain group of people (most often it is determined by such characteristics) in the framework of environmental measures.